Gender Roles And Women s Careers - 1532 Words

Global statistics document an increase in women’s careers in the professions and portray successful female roles in the industrial, political and financial areas, with some variation in different regions of the world. Nonetheless, women hold only a small percentage of board seats and other influential positions in these areas worldwide. It is also known that presently, women see themselves as progressive and career-oriented. Yet in the treatment rooms of the mental health professionals they share experiences that evidence a great deal of discomfort in achieving successful careers free of self- stigma and guilt. One perspective in the understanding of this paradox lies with an appreciation of the gender role ideologies of marianismo and machismo, which socialize women and men differently across cultures. Gender role expectations have not completely disappeared from women’s experiences in their day to day professional interactions, and are not confined to members o f traditional societies. When marianismo and machismo are not understood within the proper context, women’s overall self-esteem and successful career outcomes can be affected. This paper illuminates how these dynamics manifest in the treatment room of clinicians. Keywords— gender role ideologies, marianismo and machismo, women s careers, self-esteem Attaining success in a career of choice can be significant for feelings of self-perception and self-evaluation (Abu-Hilal, et al., 2014; Heine 2001), butShow MoreRelatedGender Roles And Roles Of Women s Career Advancement1931 Words   |  8 Pagesthere has been a disproportionate representation of women in education at the highest positions of education leadership , especially in comparison to the number who begin their careers as teachers. Although the number of women in management and administrative positions has increased, the majority of senior positions are still held by men. The lack of women role models in academic departments and barriers women face in acquiring leadership roles can be contributed to male-oriented organizational expectationsRead MoreGender Roles : The Yellow Wallpaper983 Words   |  4 Pageswritten women and men were not viewed as equals in society. The historical context of â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is revealed through minor characters in the sho rt story and what they do. John, the narrator’s husband is a physician; in addition, the narrator’s unnamed brother is also a physician. In contrast Jennie, the narrator’s sister-in-law is a housekeeper and takes care of the narrator, during her stay at the house. In â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† it is revealed that gender roles played a major role in society;Read MoreThe Social Construction Of Female And Male Identity1720 Words   |  7 Pages The term gender refers to the social construction of female and male identity. It can be defined as more than biological differences between men and women. It includes the ways in which those differences, whether real or perceived, have been valued, used and relied upon to classify women and men and to assign roles and expectations to them. (Henslin, 2012). The significance of this is that the lives and experiences of women and men, including their experience of the legal system, occur withinRead More Gender Inequality: Sex Discrimination in Employment Essay1617 Words   |  7 Pages Gender equality is about equal opportunity for men and women to identify their individual potential. One must be able to benefit from their participation in society and contribute to the economic and social development of their country (Australian Government. 2009). Through multiple reviewed literature on gender inequality, the overall concept within many sociological readings was the way gende r inequality socially relates to employment and careers. There are three separate themes thatRead MoreEssay on The Social Construction of Gender Roles848 Words   |  4 PagesThe Social Construction of Gender Roles Gender or sex roles are the expected patterns of behavior assumed to follow from a persons sex. Gender roles are not natural. They are formed by and vary within society, culture, geographic location, politics and time. There is a strong relationship between the social construction of gender and compulsory heterosexuality. People are programmed into certain gender roles and social categories throughRead MoreThe Dilemma Of Masculinity Versus Career Paths1702 Words   |  7 Pagescentury, there has been the dilemma of masculinity versus career paths. Women were expected to be teachers, nurses, etc., just because that s the role they had in society for decades before that. Men, and still are, expected to go into a career field that pays a lot of money so they can provide for their families. Those career fields are still usually STEM related. Engineers, scientists, mathematicians, doctors, lawyers, etc. It s not just because the individual wants to go into that fieldRead MoreThe Role Of Gender And Career Choice978 Words   |  4 PagesESSAY (THE ROLE OF GENDER IN CAREER CHOICE) THE ROLE OF GENDER IN CARRIER CHOICE Career choice is the selection of path by males or females in order to gain success in their life.The selection of a profession is often done by parental guidance, vocational counselling and training opportunities. There is a cultural belief that gender plays an important role in the option of occupation and one question occurs on this idea that among men and women who is good at the entrepreneur level. Women are betterRead MoreGender Inequality Within The United States1701 Words   |  7 PagesGender has had a repeating effect on the choice of careers for people all throughout the United States. In history, it is taught that males dominated women in many careers, while women dominated males in only a few other minor positions. Males had an upper hand over women in engineering and in the military. One of the reasons males dominated was the idea of dominance over women has been passed down for centuries. It was never common for a women to be an engineer of a home or anything that was n’tRead MoreThe Issue Of Gender Inequality904 Words   |  4 PagesThe issue of gender inequality towards women in male-dominated fields still occurs today despite an equality law implanted over 50 years ago. The purpose of this collected research is to address the issues of sex-discrimination in traditional male careers such as segregated stereotypes, unfair career advancements and the gender based wage gap. Throughout the research process, discoveries revealed that women are viewed by males as incapable of completing work in male-based fields such as constructionRead MoreGender Inequality in Modern Society1573 Words   |  7 PagesThis study deals with gender inequality in the modern society and looks at the difficulties women face when they strive for equal success as their male counterparts. About seventy-five percent of the jobs in well-paid professions are held by men and even if women are able to get equal jobs they are still paid considerably less . The central que stion posed is, are there any differences in the aspirations and career goals between males and females? However, in order to fully understand stereotypical

George Moore s Film Roger And Me Essay - 1714 Words

There is a spectrum to how a country’s economic system is run, and on one end is capitalism and on the other is socialism. Both are equally good and equally bad, and therefore moderation is the perfect combination of the two. As of today, America stands too close to the capitalist end of the spectrum, and thus there are many economic inequalities, in that the rich get richer and the poor get poorer and pull the less poor down with them. In the example of Flint, Michigan in Michael Moore’s film Roger and Me, when the many workers laid off when the GM factory relocated suddenly became unemployed. Another example of capitalism gone too far is in Mark Dowie’s article â€Å"Pinto Madness,† when Ford’s lobbyists made it virtually impossible for lawmakers to make safety regulations on cars. Thus, with more socialism, so that the two are in moderation, there is a chance that all Americans can be truly happy. Capitalism and socialism are two extremes of a sp ectrum on which all countries fall; there are good and bad parts to both, and therefore a balance must be struck, as proved by extreme examples of capitalism in â€Å"Pinto Madness† and Roger and Me. While every country falls along a spectrum between capitalism and socialism, America falls close to the capitalist end. This is because in America, most property is privately owned, and Americans value pursuit of personal profit and competition and consumer choice (Macionis 2016: 197). Of course, while there are publically owned thingsShow MoreRelatedEssay on Let’s Put an End to Corporate Power and Greed666 Words   |  3 PagesLet’s Put an End to Corporate Power and Greed I see in the near future a crisis approaching that unnerves me and causes me to tremble for the safety of my country. ... corporations have been enthroned and an era of corruption in high places will follow, and the money power of the country will endeavor to prolong its reign by working upon the prejudices of the people until all wealth is aggregated in a few hands and the Republic is destroyed. -- Abraham Lincoln These days more and more ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Michael Francis Moore s The Columbine High School Massacre 1139 Words   |  5 PagesBorn in 1954, Michael Francis Moore is an American documentary filmmaker. His opening documentary, Roger Me, â€Å"launched his career as one of America’s best-known and most controversial documentarians† (In IMDB). However, his documentary that studies the events of the Columbine high school massacre is what put him on the map. Bowling for Columbine won the Academy Award for Documentary feature in 2002. His notable films also include Fahrenheit 9/11, the highest-grossing documentary of all time thatRead MoreAn Explosion of Reality Television1968 Words   |  8 Pagesthe chances for film-maker to find audiences (Dovey 200:36). One of these filmmakers is Michael Moore, who commonly integrates a hybrid film making strategy to create his documentaries. Merging different documentary conventions, he incorporates a narrative in order to crea te a smooth running film as if it were a fiction film. He incorporates a comedic twist, which enables the audience to engage more with the material. An example of this is his film â€Å"Roger and Me† (1989) as Moore presents the audienceRead MoreThe Big Lebowski3723 Words   |  15 PagesMike Preston Lisa Hemminger Art is Film 26 February 2010 â€Å"All the Dude ever wanted was his rug back† To the casual viewer The Big Lebowski, a 1998 film written by film maker brothers Ethan and Joel Coen and directed by Joel, would appear to be a comedy rip off of the 1940’s Los Angeles detective film The Big Sleep by Howard Hawks. It features a hippie dropout from the seventies named â€Å"the Dude† (Jeff Bridges) who gets caught up with his bowler buddies Walter (John Goodman) and Donny (SteveRead MoreJoker and Batman Essay9227 Words   |  37 Pagessales on Batman titles had fallen drastically; Bob Kane noted that as a result [DC] were planning to kill Batman off altogether.[12] Editor Julius Schwartz was soon assigned to the Batman titles and presided over drastic changes. Beginning with 1964s Detective Comics #327 (billed on its cover as the New Look), Schwartz introduced changes designed to make Batman more contemporary and return him to more detective stories, including a redesign of Batmans equipment, the Batmobile, and his costumeRead MoreA Look into the Vari ous Forms of Essay Writing5590 Words   |  23 Pagesother through family or marriage, from amongst the military brass, the top bureaucracy, superior judiciary, intelligence outfits. Its wings are flanked by feudal lords, industrial magnates and media barons. McKinsey s 7S Model Introduction This paper discusses McKinsey s 7S Model that was created by the consulting company McKinsey and Company in the early 1980s. Since then it has been widely used by practitioners and academics alike in analysing hundreds of organisations. The paper explainsRead Moredsfsdsfs4469 Words   |  18 Pagespiece of writing written from an author s personal point of view, but the definition is vague, overlapping with those of an article and a short story. Essays can consist of a number of elements, including: literary criticism, political manifestos, learned arguments, observations of daily life, recollections, and reflections of the author. Almost all modern essays are written in prose, but works in verse have been dubbed essays (e.g. Alexander Pope s An Essay on Criticism and An Essay on Man)Read MoreEssay on The End of Oppression for Jamaican Women5572 Words   |  23 Pagesand Sister Carol. Currently it is very important today in Jamaica for young girls to have role models. Not only has Jamaican society and Rastafarian culture suppressed women, but other countries have as well. Going way back in history to the 1700s one can find a strong woman who is still talked about today. Nanny of the Maroons lived in the 1700sm when people living in Jamaica were slaves. At the time Jamaica was captured by the English, and a number of slaves were set free by the Spanish toRead MoreAmerican Holidays11778 Words   |  48 Pages|Frankfort |Louisville | | |LA |La. |Louisiana |Baton Rouge |New Orleans * | | |ME |Maine |Maine |Augusta |Portland | | |MD |Md. |Maryland |AnnapolisRead MoreHerbert Spencer Essay13142 Words   |  53 Pagesand about 20 the third, with little food and no sleep. He became involved in radical politics, and from 1848 worked in London on the journal the Economist, becoming known in literary circles, and narrowly failing to become a suitor of the novelist George Eliot. His health growing precarious, he lived on small legacies and then on the considerable proceeds of his writings. His first major work was the book Social Statics (1851), which advocates an extreme political libertarianism. The Principles of

Environmental Health Risk Assessment Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Environmental Health Risk Assessment. Answer: Introduction By the term inner city, we mean the main area of a city or metropolis where the population density is higher in comparison to outer suburbs. Most of the population are found to be living in apartments and multi-floored townhouses (Roen et al., 2015). According to Assal et al., (2014) the environment in inner cities is overcrowded, and the population is found to be exposed to poor living conditions. There is a crucial link between environmental and social determinants of health in urban settings. The primary health hazards are due to polluted environment, exposure to noise, increased chances of infection and extreme temperature. The potential health impacts of these hazards are wide-spread and long-term. Interventions are needed at all levels for improving health equity through policies and actions that address the proximal risk factors. The present report is an environmental health risk assessment that involves the quantification of hazards associated with overcrowding and poor living conditions in inner-city apartments, put forward by the Environmental Health Officer working for the City of Melbourne. The findings of the assessment are hereby presented along with the recommendations for interventions and a suitballe communication plan in oder to alert the health service providers and other service providers about the findings. The report is divided into four sections. The first section is Issue Identification and focuses on the three likely health hazards associated with poor living conditions and overcrowding in inner-city apartments. The second section is Hazard and Exposure Assessment and throws light on the likely health impacts of the identified hazards. Academic literature and statistical resources and cited as appropriate. The mechanisms by which the hazards are known to make an impact on health are analysed and the particular subpopulations who are particularly exposed to these hazards are highlighted. The third section is Risk Characterisation and makes an overall assessment of the level of health risk from the environmental hazards. This considers the severity and likelihood of the health impacts at the population level. The fourth section is Risk Management Plan and outlines suitable recommendations for interventions by the City of Melbourne and other stakeholders. Illustrative examples are provided on how the recoomednations can be implemented. The report has a conclusion that summarises the main findings of the report. Issue identification It has been estimated by World Health Organisation (WHO) that almost half of the population of the world in present times live in urban areas and it is expected that for the first time in history, the urban population of the world would be more in comparison to the rural population by the year 2050 (Li et al., 2016). Public health departments have time and again brought into limelight the health issues pertaining to living in inner cities and have attempted to make the common population aware of these confounding issues. The key health hazards are a result of the changing environment, for which, the population is responsible at large. The environment in inner-cities involves potential health hazards that have an inequitable distribution of vulnerabilities and exposures. The high population density in overcrowded cities struggles to cope up with the health demands put up by the health hazards. The three significant health hazards that have been in focus due to their major relationship with poor living conditions and over crowding in inner-city apartments are a risk of infection, air pollution and exposure to noise (Wolch et al., 2014). Individuals living in inner-cities are highly exposed to risks of different infections, and this health issue has been reported since the 20th century. Risks of infections is a dominant cause of mortality among the urbanised population. Larger cities, such as Melbourne, combine the most common traditional environmental health issues of infections, mainly enteric and respiratory in nature, with unregulated industrialisation. Increased chances of infections is a right forward impact of reshaping of human ecology as a result of living in cities. The epidemiology of infectious diseases is exhibiting marked changes, as indicated by recent population studies. New megacities are becoming the incubators for zoonotic diseases, and these are also spreading among cities in a rapid manner (Tong et al., 2015). The World Health Organisation (WHO) has put air pollution among the top five key risk factors for health hazards in cities. As per the reports of WHO, around 8 million premature deaths have been reported in the year 2012 due to the poor quality of air that individuals breathe in. This marks air pollution as the worlds single biggest environmental health risk. 4.3 million deaths have been attributable to indoor air pollution whereas 3.7 million deaths have been attributable to outdoor air pollution. Increasing ownership of vehicles as a result of urbanisation, use of cars without air filters and catalytic convertors, along with absence of proper controls on factory outlet of smokes contribute extensively to hazardous air pollution levels (who.int, 2016). Exposure to noise, or noise disturbances, is the third most vital health hazards in cities whereby excessive noise is known to harm the balance of human life. The sources of outdoor noise in cities is mostly machines and motor vehicles, transportation systems. Outdoor noise is considered by the term environmental noise. Living in residential buildings within a city makes an individual exposed to higher levels of noise pollution. It is to be noted that individuals living in cities often overlook noise pollution as a major source of environmental stress leading to health issues (Murphy King, 2014). Hazard and exposure assessment Risk of infection Overcrowded housing in cities with high-density populations are a breeding ground for popular infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, lower respiratory infections, diarrhoeal diseases and chronic obstructive lung disease. The top three causes of death among the city population are HIV/AIDS, lower respiratory diseases and diarrhoeal diseases. The rise of cities have posed risk factors such as poor housing that often leads to high rates of proliferation of rodent and insect vector diseases and geohelminthiases. This is then associated with inadequate waste and sanitisation management and in sufficient water supply. All of these factors in combination with each other contribute to a good setting where insects and rodents can grow which are known to carry soil-transmitted helminth infections and pathogens (Neiderud, 2015). Respiratory tract infections are commonly caused due to lack of proper ventilation and fuel systems. Contiminated water is responibe for spreading diseases, in a sim ilar manner in which poor food preparation and storage creates health hazards. In addition, the high density of inhabitants is the reason for close contact between people in cities. Such close contact between individuals is marked as thee hot spot for fast spread of infectious diseases that are merging in nature, such as avian flu and sever acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) (Wood et al., 2017). As highlighted by Kraemer et al., (2016) residents who are subjected to lack of proper sanitisation and safe water for drinking purposes are more susceptible to helminth infections. Such forms of infections have now become a vital cause for intellectual and physical growth retardation across the globe, making a noteworthy impact on public health. Vector proliferation as a result of overcrowding leads to disease such as Chagas disease. A significant mode of transmission is vectorial infected bites of bugs. The health burden of such infections is growing every year, with little positive outcomes achieved. Air pollution The potential for air pollution to lead to adverse health impacts have been established since the mid-twentieth century. Air pollution, even at lower levels, has been related to high mortality and morbidity. Air pollution is caused by the mixture of man-made and natural substances in the air. Air pollution can be classified into two categories; indoor air pollution and outdoor air pollution. Outdoor air pollution considers materials such as fine particles coming from fossil fuels like petroleum and coal, noxious gases such as carbon monoxide, chemical vapours and sulphur dioxide, ground-level ozone and tobacco smoke. Indoor air pollution considers materials such as household products having different chemicals, gases, indoor allergens and pollens (Lave Seskin, 2013). A wide range of negative health impacts is associated with air pollution. Among these are cardiovascular diseases, respiratory disease such as asthma, preterm birth, stroke, lung cancer and in some cases even death. As per the reports of WHO, around 7 million people in the year 2012 died as a result of exposure to air pollution. This accounts for one in eight of total global deaths (who.int, 2014). It has been concluded that women and children are more prone to suffering adverse health impacts due to air pollutions. This section of the population has been found to be paying a heavy price for air pollution as they spend more time at home where they are constantly being exposed to soot and smoke. Older adults develop health complication due to air pollution as a result of poor immune system. WHO has estimated that indoor air pollution has contributed to 4.3 million deaths in the year 2012. Many people are usually exposed to outdoor and indoor air pollution at a similar level. This section of the population is also highly prone to diseases from air pollution. Recent findings have shown that minute particles in the air have more hazardous ingredients in low-income and nonwhite communities in comparison to affluent white communities (health.nsw.gov.au, 2017). Exposure to noise The high intensity of noise is a majorly underestimated threat that leads to a number of long-term as well as short-term health issues, such as cardiovascular diseases, sleep disturbances, hearing impairment and reduced cognitive ability. As pointed out by Geravandi et al., (2015) noise acts as a major stressor for influencing health through immune, cardiovascular and endocrine systems. Noise contributes to chronic high levels of stress hormones like noradrenaline, adrenaline and cortisol, leading to heart failure, stroke and hypertension. Arousal as a result of nighttime noise exposure has been found to increase saliva and blood concentrations of the mentioned hormones even when the individual is sleeping. According to Hammer et al., (2014) noise has been long associated with impairment in childhood development. Constant exposure to noise leads to a negative impact of academic achievements. Impaired motivation and well-being is also a result of exposure to noise. Other health impacts of noise exposure are increased rate of accidents and increased drug use. It has also been found recently that noise pollution is more important as a cause of death than heart diseases. The biological impacts are imperceptible in nature. Research has indicated that some groups among the population are more vulnerable to noise. Children are more exposed to noise at might time. Elderly people and chronically ill individuals show increased sensitivity to noise disturbances. In addition, shift workers also are at high risk as their sleep structure often is stressful. Risk characterisation As per the reports of WHO, the world is facing a rapid urbanisation and significant changes are being brought about in the manner in which the common population is living. These are regarding health, social, behaviour, lifestyles and living standard. Living in inner cities is known for offering a wide range of opportunities for the individuals, such as better access to healthcare; however, the environment in inner-cities pose potential threats to health conditions and are continually introducing new forms of hazards. Health challenges that are evident in inner-cities mostly relate to air pollution, risk of infection and exposure to noise. However, other hazards ar caused due to water contamination, violence and injury. City living and the rising pressure to maintain a certain living standard, together with accessibility to transportation and unhealthy food choices are continuously making a direct impact on health conditions of children and adults alike (Hague, 2015). As opined by Bar ton et al., (2015) living in inner-cities is rightfully the keystone of modern human ecology. Rapid expansion in cities across the world, including Australia, have been the engine of economic and social prosperity. However, growing parallel to the advancements is the health issues arising within the city population. Urban population are now marked as incubators as well as gateways for infectious diseases. Unplanned city environment have led to occurrence of health issues that have moved beyond the set of conventional diseases such as respiratory infections and injuries. The most striking feature is the adaptation of different vector-borne diseases and growing occurrence of physiochemical hazards. These include major exposure to traffic hazards, air pollution and lead pollution. Environmental health hazards are omnipresent, nevertheless, individuals tend to show great variation in their susceptibility to adverse health impacts after being exposed to the toxic environment. Personal features such as gender, age, nutritional status, genetic composition, weight, pre-existing disease status, physiological status, lifestyle and behaviour factors and past exposure all determine the extent to which the individuals would be effected by the environmental health hazards. The manner in which the mentioned characteristics might decrease or increase susceptibility to health hazards is obvious in some cases while in others it is less so (Cyril et al., 2013). Risk management plan Sustainable urbanisation and health complications go hand in hand and living in inner-cities put individuals in the danger zone for developing a wide range of short-term and long-term complications. Reducing the key risk factors would be the ideal stepto reduce the impact of environmental hazards on health among the population at large. As outlined by Capon (2017) the civil society, central government, academia and other concerned groups must come forward and join hands to make the cities a better place to live in terms of health status. The government is to strengthen the resilience of the city and reduce risks and vulnerabilities for health disasters. From the existing literature on risk management plans of environmental health hazards, it has been proposed that institutional capacity of local governments is pivotal for environmental management. It is the primary responsibility of the local government to address the multi-faceted health hazards posing a severe threat for human health. Against the backdrop of the preceding conclusions, the following are the points of recommendations and interventions that when applied would ideally reduce, if not eliminate, the potential health hazards due to urbanisation- Environmental regulations have a major role in environmental policies and strengthening the course of implementation of environmental regulations would be the best approach towards risk management for environmental health hazards. The government must develop the environmental planning framework in alignment with specific objectives and deadlines within the domain of sustainable development strategies. Novice action plans are required for promotion of environmental technology after carrying out a proper cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit analysis. Monitoring action plans on a regular basis would be fundamental for reaching success. Comprehensive risk assessments are crucial in this regard that would consequently highlight the main health concerns of present times. The local government needs to set priorities for the efforts to be given in different spheres of environment management, that is social, technological, economic and social. The government needs to strengthen and promote systems for planning reinforcement of community action in processes eliminating health hazards. It is important that a review is carried out of the functions of the local government in relation to the work they are doing so that there is an active promotion of sustainable management strategies. Environmental training programs must be developed for the municipalities at all spheres of public, local and entrepreneurial actions. This would ensure that all major health hazards are handled in a proper manner. To strengthen the institutional capacities of the municipalities, it is absolutely essential to give focus on the financial, technological and human resources (Kearns Neuwelt, 2016) It is recommended that resources are allocated from bilateral and multilateral cooperation and programs making the environment management systems more robust. Elements of environment sustainability are to be included in the programs. More projects should come up that have the focus on decentralisation and government reforms regarding environment management (Satterthwaite Bartlett 2016). It is necessary to include the common population in decision making processes on how to better avoid the health complications arising due to living in cities. This implies that the policy reforms taken by the government must rest upon the findings of population data and must consider the viewpoints of the local population. Establishment of programs with the aim of promoting network operations on particular health issues would surely facilitate the participation of the citizens. Holding local workshops on environmental management would be beneficial for educating the public about how to reduce the health burden due to environmental hazards. Preparing documents holding all the valuable information would be a good approach to disseminating information among the population. Proper channelling of information is crucial when the impact needs to be wide spread, and therefore proper dissemination of study findings needs to be throughout the hemisphere (Tam, 2016). Conclusion The high-density living environment in inner-cities implies that interventions at a large scale are required for assisting people on how to tackle the growing negative impacts of the health hazards. The existing infrastructure if to be upgraded in order to meet the health demands of the population. Interventions, when implied at higher policy levels, have the potential to create an enhanced equitable and sustainable living condition for the population. These interventions are to include policies taking health aspects into consideration in all relevant sectors. From the global equity standpoint, bringing improvement in the living environment in the City of Melbourne would be advantageous. There is an urgent need of the government to allocate sufficient technical and financial resources so that these interventions can be implemented when and where required. The city of Melbourne needs to promote urban planning for healthy behaviours of individuals and safety. Urban living conditions ar e to be improved at the earliest. It would be an inevitable approach to involve the local communities in all the major decision making in terms of public health. Ensuring that cities are age-friendly and accessible would contribute to the betterment of the condition. Collaboration and coordination among the different public health organisation are crucial in order to make these interventions successful. Dissemination of study findings highlighting population data among the organisations would be beneficial for outlining the interventions as per the need of the community. It is to be hoped that with the strong evidence-based interventions in place, the population living in inner-cities would be better able to prevent potential health hazards bought about by air pollution, noise exposure and infection risks. References Assal, A., Medavarapu, R., Friedman, E. W., Yu, Y., Verma, A., Derman, O. (2014). Outcomes and Treatment Patterns of Patients with CML in an Inner-City, Underserved, Multi-Ethnic Patient Cohort Reveals Good Overall Survival with Both First and Second Generation TKIs As Initial Therapy.Blood,124(21), 5522-5522. Barton, H., Thompson, S., Burgess, S., Grant, M. (Eds.). (2015).The Routledge handbook of planning for health and well-being: Shaping a sustainable and healthy future. Routledge. Capon, A. (2017). Harnessing urbanisation for human wellbeing and planetary health.The Lancet Planetary Health,1(1), e6-e7. Cyril, S., Oldroyd, J. C., Renzaho, A. (2013). Urbanisation, urbanicity, and health: a systematic review of the reliability and validity of urbanicity scales.BMC Public Health,13(1), 513. Geravandi, S., Takdastan, A., Zallaghi, E., Niri, M. V., Mohammadi, M. J., Saki, H., Naiemabadi, A. (2015). Noise pollution and health effects.Jundishapur Journal of Health Sciences,7(1). Hague, C. (2015). Rapid urbanisation, health and well-being.Routledge handbook of planning for health and well-being. Shaping. a sustainable and healthy future. New York: Routledge. Hammer, M. S., Swinburn, T. K., Neitzel, R. L. (2014). Environmental noise pollution in the United States: developing an effective public health response.Environmental Health Perspectives (Online),122(2), 115. Kearns, R., Neuwelt, P. (2016). Conclusion: Healthy Development/Developing Health.Geographies of Health and Development, 297. Kraemer, M. U., Hay, S. I., Pigott, D. M., Smith, D. L., Wint, G. W., Golding, N. (2016). Progress and challenges in infectious disease cartography.Trends in parasitology,32(1), 19-29. Lave, L. B., Seskin, E. P. (2013).Air pollution and human health(Vol. 6). Routledge. Li, X., Song, J., Lin, T., Dixon, J., Zhang, G., Ye, H. (2016). Urbanization and health in China, thinking at the national, local and individual levels.Environmental Health,15(1), S32. Murphy, E., King, E. (2014).Environmental noise pollution: Noise mapping, public health, and policy. Newnes. Neiderud, C. J. (2015). How urbanization affects the epidemiology of emerging infectious diseases.Infection ecology epidemiology,5. Roen, E. L., Wang, Y., Calafat, A. M., Wang, S., Margolis, A., Herbstman, J., ... Perera, F. P. (2015). Bisphenol A exposure and behavioral problems among inner city children at 79 years of age.Environmental research,142, 739-745. Satterthwaite, D., Bartlett, S. (2016).Urbanisation, development and the sustainable development goals. S. Bartlett, D. Satterthwaite (Eds.). Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Tam, A. (2016). Geographies of health and development.Development in Practice,26(4), 524-525. Tong, M. X., Hansen, A., Hanson-Easey, S., Cameron, S., Xiang, J., Liu, Q., ... Bi, P. (2015). Infectious diseases, urbanization and climate change: challenges in future China.International journal of environmental research and public health,12(9), 11025-11036. WHO | 7 million premature deaths annually linked to air pollution. (2014).Who.int. Retrieved 19 May 2017, from https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2014/air-pollution/en/ Who is affected by air pollution. (2017).Health.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved 19 May 2017, from https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/environment/air/Pages/who-is-affected.aspx WHO releases country estimates on air pollution exposure and health impact. (2017).World Health Organization. Retrieved 19 May 2017, from https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2016/air-pollution-estimates/en/ Wolch, J. R., Byrne, J., Newell, J. P. (2014). Urban green space, public health, and environmental justice: The challenge of making cities just green enough.Landscape and Urban Planning,125, 234-244. Wood, C. L., McInturff, A., Young, H. S., Kim, D., Lafferty, K. D. (2017). Human infectious disease burdens decrease with urbanization but not with biodiversity.Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B,372(1722), 20160122.

Sustainability Reporting of the Australian Red Cross and the Australian Salvation Army

Sustainability reporting is one where organizations give comprehensive report regarding the economic state, social status and environmental state of their organizations. It has come to the interests of all stakeholders that environment should not be left out during organizational reporting. This is because every organization has a crucial role to play in ensuring that the environment is a haven for all to live in and enjoy a friendly natural environment (Albrecht, Burandt, Schaltegger, 2007).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sustainability Reporting of the Australian Red Cross and the Australian Salvation Army specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, organizations must report detailing their strategies aimed at ensuring that they survive in their business for long. This means that their long term goals must be explained and clear in the report. Therefore, everyone has a duty of ensuring that the environment is kept safe and protected from hazardous activities that may lead to its disintegration. This means that the environment must be protected, and organization must show what they are doing to improve the natural conditions of the environment surrounding them. According to writers Loannis Loannou and George Serafeim, corporate organizations should give non-financial information to their stake holders (Docherty, 2009, p.56). They argued that this helps in strengthening the relationship and stakeholders develop more confidence in the organizations. This is because organizations report to their stakeholders on what their governance entails. Also, their corporate social responsibility activities are outlined clearly in sustainability reporting. In fact, many stakeholders do not understand what the balance sheets and other financial documents mean but when given a breakdown of organizations governance makes much sense. Therefore, these writers believe that organizations are going for susta inability reporting mainly to retain their trust to stakeholders. This form of reporting creates a scenario where organizations interact with their stakeholders hence giving them a sense of belonging as far as the organization is concerned. This means that the organization explains to its stakeholders what it does to the community and the stakeholders get a chance to verify the information as they are members of the society. If the organization gives incorrect information about their corporate social responsibility and roles they play to the environment, the stakeholders can protest in reaction. Loannis and George Serafeim believed that sustainability reporting was aimed at promoting transparency whereby the stakeholders will have to understand an organization’s commitment to social aspects, such as providing excellent working conditions to its workers. Furthermore, organizations welcome feedbacks from their stakeholders after sustainability reporting and this promotes workin g relation (Beloff, Lines and Tanzil, 2005, p.76).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The aim of this form of reporting is disclosing to their stakeholders their efforts of building and smoothening relationships with other parties in their surrounding environments. These include efforts to develop and maintain a channel for discussing their long term risks also to protect their reputation to the world. Barry Salzburg believed that organizations are adopting this form of reporting in order to build trust among its stakeholders. He too feels that when organization disclose additional information to their stakeholders. He argues that sustainability reporting has motivated many managers to work hard as they do not want to let down their stakeholders (G8 Summit, 2007). This is because they accept their responsibilities in the organization and struggle to make sure they deliver all p romises besides achieving their organizational goals. Barry Salzburg is of the opinion that organizations have a common aim of building a sustainable society that will be answerable to its stakeholders at all times. He says that organizations are adopting this form of presenting their reports because it has become a requirement by law in many countries (Docherty, 2009, p.56). Organizations are approaching the planning and implementation of sustainability in various positive ways. First of all corporate organizations has accepted that in order to achieve their primary goals of maximizing shareholders equity and profits, they must adhere to the regulatory obligations. This is why they plan on how to involve the community around them in decision making process, and assist them as much as possible. Companies are working to ensure that they are represented in several aspects in the society. For example, organizations are being represented in political debates hence making them properly r epresented in matters of national governance. This has been instigated by the fact that organizations learnt that solely aiming at economic growth is unsustainable. Therefore, they realized the sense of taking active roles involving the state, communities and companies. This shows evidence why organizations cannot shine in its economical operations without taking into considerations its social cohesion and environmental sustainability. In social cohesion, organizations are expected to foster excellent relations with other organizations surrounding it. In fact, organization s that are in constant conflicts with others tend to face difficulties in achieving its goals as a lot of time and resources are wasted in law suits (Tickner, 2005). Environmental sustainability is vital for organizations because it explains how well organizations respect their surrounding environment for the sake of future generations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sustainability Reportin g of the Australian Red Cross and the Australian Salvation Army specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Organizations have based their plans on the corporate social responsibilities, as they have established rules and guidelines detailing how they should relate with the external environment. External environment in this case refers to the society living in the locality of the organization (Moreira, 2010, p.98). They also base their plans on ethical standards whereby the management is expected to work addressing expectations of the stakeholders. Corporate governance is another crucial factor organizations look into when designing how to carry out the corporate sustainability. This is because corporate governance addresses legal responsibilities of organizations hence forming a concrete foundation for sustainability reporting process. Both the Australian Red Cross and the Salvation Army have adopted sustainability reporting through being invol ved in community based projects such as helping the elderly (G8 Summit, 2007). Both organizations are committed to making sure that community is empowered in many ways hence eliminating poverty. This helps in uplifting lifestyles of people hence enhancing proper working rapport between the organizations and the local community. This means that the community gains and maintains confidence in the organizations hence entrusting them with their society. For example, the Red Cross is credited and people have trust in them, and whatever they do without taking sides at any time (Geraghty, 2010). In cases of war, the Red Cross assists the injured regardless of their side and this makes their work easy and secure. If their credibility was questionable, organizations cannot be trusted by warring parties and their personnel would be attacked in the course of rescuing those injured. For the Salvation Army, they take charge in ensuring that children and women get recognized in the community and awarded their rights. They extend their mandate to the social class regardless of their denomination by training personnel to talk to people on issues touching their lifestyles. Both organizations extend their mandate from Australia to other neighboring to ensure that people get vital help in regards to heath and freedom. Freedom in this case is supposed to mean that people women and children are freed from poverty by being empowered. In fact, the Salvation Army provides home for the poor and homeless hence returning a sense of belonging to those unfortunate in the society.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In comparison, Australian Red Cross and Salvation Army deal with people with people who required much help for their survival. In this case, both organizations present their sustainability reports voluntarily since they are nonprofit making organizations. Both collect information from the ground since they deal with individuals directly. This means that their data collection is part of their records keeping. This is because they work with thorough recording for easy funding by their stakeholders and other donors. Both organizations present their reports to the public through the internet as it is vital for all to see how these organizations are performing. They both allow for feedbacks from their audience as this helps them in restructuring their previous mistakes hence straightening their future activities (KPMG International, 2008). In contrast, the Red Cross has more developed system of sustainability reporting than the Salvation Army since they are more represented in community based activities. This means that the Red Cross has more links to the external community than the Salvation Army. When it comes to data collection, the Red Cross has advanced sources because it records firsthand information of some cases that are later on addressed by the Salvation Army (Geraghty, 2010). For example, in case of a war the Red Cross is on the ground during the war while the Salvation Army comes in to help those affected after the war. Conclusion It is advisable for organizations to adopt sustainability reporting because it promotes communication between all stakeholders and the company. In fact, both the Australian Red Cross and the Australian Salvation Army are adopting sustainability reporting. The aim of adopting this system is to promote transparency in activities of organizations because they explain their contribution to the society and to the environment. All stakeholders and beneficiaries of these organizations learn about their deeds from information made ava ilable on the internet for public to read. These two organizations publish their reports on their website for the public to access. Therefore, the world is moving in the right direction by organizations adopting a system of sustainability reporting. References Albrecht, P., Burandt, S., $ Schaltegger, S 2007. Do sustainability projects stimulate organizational learning in universities?, International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, Vol. 8 Iss: 4, pp. 403 – 415. Beloff, B., Lines, M., Tanzil, D. 2005. Transforming sustainability strategy into action: the chemical industry. John Wiley Sons, Sydney. Docherty, P. Shani, AB. 2009. Creating sustainable work systems: developing social sustainability. Taylor Francis, London. G8 Summit, 2007. Heiligendamm Declaration. Growth And Responsibility In The World Economy, Un global compact organization. Web. Geraghty, L., 2010. Sustainability reporting: measure to manage, manage to change. Keeping Good Companies, 3, pp.141 †145. KPMG International, 2008. KPMG International Survey of Corporate Responsibility Reporting, KPMG Europe LLP. Web. Moreira, M E.2010. Adapting Configuration Management for Agile Teams: Balancing Sustainability and Speed. John Wiley and Sons, Sydney. Tickner, R 2005. Health Issues in our Region: Australian Red Cross to the Diversity in Health 2005 Conference. Web. This essay on Sustainability Reporting of the Australian Red Cross and the Australian Salvation Army was written and submitted by user N0rthstar to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

A Comparison Of The Raven And The Tell-Tale Heart Essays

A Comparison Of The Raven And The Tell-Tale Heart Comparisons of ?The Raven? and ?The Tell-Tale Heart? Edgar Allen Poe's story A Tell Tale Heart, has the protagonist obsessed with an old man's eye. This obsession causes a conflict between the protagonist and his sanity. In ?The Raven the man imagines that a raven is a godsend, intended to relieve him of his anguish. The man imagines that like all other blessings of his life, the bird will leave. One of the main things of both stories have an eerie and dark side to them that are in common in Poe's writings. Darkness is one of the characteristics in Edgar Allen Poe's writings. In ?The Raven? the poem takes place in the month of a dark, and bleak, December and in the story of ?The Tell-Tale Heart? the murder that the man commits takes place at midnight, showing the darkness of Poe's writings yet again. All of Poe's writings have a certain darkness and gloom to them that personifies the dark side of romanticism writing. In conclusion the 2 poems hav ea significant deal English Essays

The positive and negative effects of globalisation in China The WritePass Journal

The positive and negative effects of globalisation in China The positive and negative effects of globalisation in China IntroductionConclusionReferencesRelated Introduction This essay will explain what globalisation is and then it will carry on explaining and identifying the positive and negative effects of Globalisation in China. It has been over a few decades that many economists have wondered about what precisely globalisation is all about in the world and particularly in China. Globalisation is the integration of the economies of the world not only in terms of goods and services but ideas of information technology as well. The western culture is seen to have its negative effect in China this way of lifestyle is seen to drastically infiltrate into the local people’s lifestyle through mediums such as the influence of the television and particularly the media and because of this, it has caused a huge impact on the society in China. Their cultures and traditions are seen to change as they slowly try to adapt to the lifestyle of the foreigners. In addition, half-true information is spread through the internet. At this present day and age, these kinds of messages turn out to be ambigous to the locals and the society and it spread’s extremely fast in China because China is an overpopulated country and hence all this was just a falserumour spreaded. Moreover, the citizens of china are over inhabited and as a result human trafficking and pollution increases in the country and because of this reason, the population in china are likely and expected to fall sick and get infected. (PILLAI: 2000-2010)Furthermore, tourists pay a visit to china as they would normally come for tourism reasons or they would like to enjoy their holidays with their families hence when these tourists advance to china they are easily getting caught with diseases like hiv/aids or they are likely to fall ill and these kinds of diseases sprea ds very fast between them. Nevertheless if the diseases are spreaded between the tourists’s, it will cause them not to go again and this can cause a huge impact on the tourism field in china.However the health of the nation is also getting effected. Reason being the residents of china tend to eat outside as the fast food restaurants like Kfc and Mc Donald’s are easily accessible when they go for shopping, trips, outings and also when they are on the main roads. This automatically attracts the locals and it causes them to eat outside and for this reason their food cycle would change and hence they would have to adjust to their new lifestyle and it could cause an unpleasant impact on their health and also in their balanced diet. It is also a trend in china that the locals would prefer junk food rather than a good proper balanced food which is good and beneficial for their bodies. Furthermore they always ignore the fact that junk food is not proper food, which is bad for their health and is not good for them for the societies and cultures that leave in china.However, the citizens in china are also affected by their low wage rate earning because they don’t have enough money to provide for their families and as they are unable to satisfy their needs and wants because of their low income salaries and this causes a massive impact on their loved ones if there isn’t any cash flowing to their families. Nevertheless, the rich and wealthy families always grow and be prosperous time and again they always enjoy the luxurious items and their life to the maximum because of their high income and salaries which enabled them to get control over the nation which helps them get easy cash flow in their pockets which is later shared in their families. However, these kind of people are always expected earn illegal cash. In addition they are always inclined towards corruption and they will never be content with what they have as they will always demand more. Another negative effect of globalisation in china is when people move from developed to developing countries they would be faced with a low wage income and the working conditions and standard of living would not be the same with that of the developed countries. (NASH, 2008). Nevertheless some business’s who don’t have any might or will not be able to do business better because not behind all the businesses they are Politian’s who look after them so some of the businesses want be able to compete on a global scale so those businesses who aren’t doing well will tend to close down be bankrupt. There are other positive effects of globalisation which are very helpful and useful for china. Some of them are that china has changed immensely and grown and has become more prosperous and become successful as well, the standard of living has also increased. This country which did not have any sources of luxurious items and cars before can now enjoy all the resources and hence they are now very comfortable and relaxed in their lives and they are slowly starting to cherish in becoming more satisfied because they could now buy good clothes and new cars whenever they want and this is really helping the people of china a great deal and all this has happened because of globalisation. (NASH, 2008).Over the recent years there has been an increase in the media coverage in china because of the improvement in human privileges as they are now many reporters within the locals and also around the world and this has really helped the people of china and also the foreigners who would like to know what is happening in china they can now watch and enjoy any channel and broadcast in china of their choice as this creates room for the world’s attention.In addition the other positive effect of globalisation is that when they are many cultures who come to china to visit their relatives or their friends or for those people who have already settled, it’s because of the reason stated it will create unity and togetherness on their cultures when several people of different backgrounds come together as it will cause them to become together and their societies could increase and become expand when everyone from different traditions and customs are seen to be together and this would be really beneficial for the same cultures or other cultures because they would probably share the same or different languages with familiar or not mutual habits,morals,traditions and this really helps the people of china and all this is because of globalization.However many businesses in china ar e protected by Politian’s and they are also given some financial help as well and they also secure and protect the organisation and by this motivated boost they are enable to compete with the foreign businesses and which lead them to perform better. The other most powerful effect of globalisation in china is education, now days after you have completed high school and you would like to study abroad to pursue further education these days you can look for the best universities and colleges without even any problem. You would probably go to another country or stay in your home country to study further or study abroad the reason why people would want to pursue their studies internationally is because of the better facilities and proper courses, education and good lecturers. In addition this would create a whole new experience in their life for the international students when they meet different people with different cultures and traditions, When you come together you would share each other’s experiences, skills you have achieved in your life and you could start bonding with each other and hence this would create a whole new understanding for you. Furthermore after you have completed your studies abroad and specialised in a particular field of your interest or choice you could come back to your home country and spread the knowledge, Nevertheless some people would rather study locally because of the financial reasons if you would like to study abroad you would probably have to use more than you would if you would study locally. The other most positive effect of globalisation is the means of resources is in the Information Technology field these days you can do everything with a click of a mouse and you would get a lot of information and it would help you and could be really beneficial for you hence all this is again because of globalisation. Moreover the other positive effect of globalisation is that when they are many companies globally it would automatically increase competition because all the organisation and companies would like to gain a place in the market and all the organisation would have to produce better or high quality products which have a value and they would have to decrease their prices and in the end the consumers benefit because of the high quality goods and services offered to them hence it’s all because of competition.Moreover the other positive reasons are because of free trade it’s supporting the developing world to raise the standard of living and also increase in the developed world. A place like china where they are many business’s and all of them want to gain the customers advantage it will increase competition between the companies and it will force prices to decrease and in the end the consumers will gain as they could save a lot of money because of the cheaper prices and this would help them to use it on other things or save it for future. In addition the another positive effect of globalisation in china is, these days Foreign trade has improved because before people would have to do unfair and not proper means so that they would get whatever they demanded and all that which used to happened before has been vanished. However, these days’ things are done in a more civilized way it’s because of the humans and the mutual relationships between them which has helped them do it in a civilized way hence for those who do it the illegal way they would have to face the World trade organisation as they are the ones who control the trade in other countries.On the other hand when developed countries leads by outsourcing to developing countries this could lead people from getting jobs as they could refrain from child labour, prostitution, and begging hence all this is because of globalisation. Conclusion In conclusion, globalisation has both advantages and disadvantages which i have stated earlier and how it can affect the country and how it can contribute to china. References chinese-embassy.org.uk/eng/dsjh/t27161.htmhttp://ezinearticles.com/?The-Positive-Effects-of-Globalizationid=1126427buzzle.com/articles/negative-effects-of-globalization.htmlhttp://wiki.answers.com/Q/List_the_positive_and_negative_effects_of_globalizationbuzzle.com/editorials/8-17-2004-57988.asphttp://wiki.answers.com/Q/List_the_positive_and_negative_effects_of_globalization#ixzz1FwXARloHbuzzle.com/articles/positive-effects-of-globalization.htmlbukisa.com/articles/92710_economic-impact-of-globalization-on-chinas-economydocshare.com/doc/163166/The-effects-of-globalisation-on-ChinaChina and Globalisation 2003/10/10/ speech by H.E Ambassador Zha Peixin At Chinese Economic Association Annual Reference (14 April, 2003) [Accessed: 15/4/2011]

Scattering of Lamb Waves From Typical Structure Defects in Plates Essay

Scattering of Lamb Waves From Typical Structure Defects in Plates - Essay Example ure defects using piezoelectric transducer (PZT) sensors and 3-D Scanning Laser vibrometry and simulation the results by using Autodyne ANSYS is an important wildly recognized non-destructive evaluation SHM technique to locate, identify and quantify the structural damage and hence we can improve the survivability of mechanical structure. 1- The project work will be carried out first by reviewing the various research works and techniques involved in SHM including project related above mentioned non-destructive evaluation SHM technique with Autodyn ANSYS as simulation tool. The information obtained through literature review will further be used for practical work to study and investigate the various aspects of practical applications. 2- Since the practical work involved the application of 3D laser vibrometer in conjunction with Lamb wave technique to locate, identify and quantify typical structural damage like any crack, corrosion and dent, hence as next step I have to prepare test specimens. The test specimen can be a single aluminium plate having all three structural damages or three separate aluminium plates with different structural damage. For my experiment for the worse case situation, I have to prepare a single aluminium plate of 800 X 200 X 20 mm dimensions with all three defects i.e. crack, corrosion and dents as shown in following figure 1, 2 and 3 below. 3- My next step will be to fabricate the sensing devices to the specimen. Since I am using piezoelectric transducer (PZT) as sensors to Lamb wave through 3-D laser scanning hence I fabricate PZT to target