What Is a Synonym Definition and Examples

A synonym is a  word having the same or nearly the same meaning as another word in certain contexts. The adjective form is  synonymous.  Synonymy  is the relationship that exists between words with closely related meanings. The word comes from the Greek meaning same name. Contrast with an  antonym. A synonym for the term  synonym  is  poecilonym! Key Takeaways: Synonyms English has gathered many words from different languages, leading to synonyms.Theres academic debate about whether two different words can truly be the same.Near-synonyms are very close in meaning. Synonyms occur in a language in different contexts, such as formal and informal language, like youd use in conversation vs. a business or academic paper. Also, some synonyms have slightly different connotations when theyre used, even though they might mean the same thing. For example, look at the differences between the terms for money:  moolah,  greenbacks,  cash,  currency, and  revenues, which all occur in different contexts and levels of formality.   Also, English has inherited and borrowed many words from other languages and kept some duplicates. (Its also why some words have sound alike  or dont spell out as they sound, but those are additional topics.) The consequence of extensive  borrowing  from French, Latin, and Greek throughout the history of English is the creation of groups of  synonyms  occupying different  registers  (contexts within which they may be used): freedom and liberty; happiness and felicity; depth and profundity, wrote author Simon Horobin. Insights into the relationships between such synonyms can be gleaned by comparing their uses in forming new words. The  Old English word bird gives us a term of abuse, birdbrain, Latin avis is the source of more technical words such as aviation and aviary, while Greek ornith is the root of exclusively scientific formations, such as ornithology. (How English Became English. Oxford University Press, 2016) Can Two Words Be Truly Synonymous? There is some debate as to whether two words can truly be synonymous. If theyre different words, they must mean something slightly different or have contexts where youd use one or the other, the reasoning goes, which makes them  only nearly synonymous but not truly the same thing.  Two words just cant be completely interchangeable in all occurrences. When would two words have all of exactly the same meanings? The search for synonyms is a well-established classroom exercise, but it is as well to remember that  lexemes  rarely (if ever) have exactly the same meaning, wrote David Crystal in How Language Works. There are usually stylistic, regional, emotional, or other differences to consider....Two lexemes might be synonymous in one sentence but different in another:  range  and  selection  are synonyms in  What a nice __ of furnishings, but not in  Theres the mountain __.  (Overlook, 2006) When a language does have two different words that mean the exact same thing, oftentimes one will stop being used, as its unnecessary, or it will take on a different meaning over time. And two synonyms used in different contexts, by definition, cant be exactly the same. At best, the theory relates, that the closest absolute synonymity can get is a technical word for something and a common name used in conversation for the same thing or dialect differences, such as between British English and American English (lorry vs. truck, boot vs. trunk). However, if we look at the definition of synonymous, that is, words meaning nearly the same thing rather than exactly the same thing in every situation, the theory that synonymity is impossible might just not hold up. This aspect of English—having words that have different meanings in different contexts, as well as having doublets and triplets—is also a result of the language having inherited and borrowed so many words from different languages. The doublets frail and fragile came to English from the same Latin root fragilis, but one came from French and one from Latin directly. The triplets  real, royal, and  regal  came from Anglo-Norman, French, and Latin, notes Britannica. Near-Synonyms   Near-synonyms would be just that—words that are closely related as to just about be interchangeable but have different connotations, attitudes, or implications that youd want to be aware of, making one word more appropriate for a context than another. Anything you can find in a thesaurus has a list of near-synonyms galore. For example, lie finds falsehood, fib,  misrepresentation, and untruth, each with different nuances and shades of meaning that each can give to the context its used in. It can be tricky when translating between languages, as you need to know the implications and connotations for the word in the original language and make sure you pick up those nuances in the destination language.   The Lighter Side of Synonyms Paul Dicksons book Intoxerated claims, The English language includes more synonyms for drunk than for any other word. Here are just a few of the 2,964 synonyms for drunk in his book: BlindBlitzedBlottoBombedBuzzedHammeredHighInebriatedLoadedLoopedMerryMessed upOff the wagonPickledPifflicatedPlasteredRippedSloshedSmashedSnockeredSousedStewedThree sheets to the windTightTipsyTrashedWastedWrecked  (Intoxerated: The Definitive Drinkers Dictionary. Melville House, 2012.)

Finding a Solution to Global Warming Essay - 2300 Words

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The United Declaration Of Human Rights - 2311 Words

Brooke Snell Professor Elaine Salo POSC317-010 8 April 2016 The U.S. Must Ratify CEDAW At the core of society are the undeniable rights we are afforded as human beings. These rights are outlined in the United Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) as a way to protect each individual’s freedoms. Since its adoption sixty-seven years ago, society and its viewpoints have changed drastically (â€Å"The Universal Declaration of Human Rights†). Therefore, while at the time the intentions for this document might have been genuine to protect all people, they are no longer sufficient. The lack of inclusion in this document has led to the creation of documents such as the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW).†¦show more content†¦In an effort to bring about peace and equality after the Second World War and the establishment of the United Nations, the UDHR was born (â€Å"History of the Document†). Within its thirty articles, the UDHR has laid out these rights, however throughout the years, many have believed that this document has become outdated, with some of these problems laid out below. Further, since this document holds such an important place in history, there is no way it would ever be destroyed or updated. Therefore, there is an inherent need to create documents such as CEDAW to fill these holes. Upon first glance, the UDHR might seem like a document that protects all under a variety of circumstances. However, through further investigation, it can be found that this document is not as inclusive as it could be. Although the UDHR sometimes uses the terms everyone, their or themselves, there are many instances where the following words can be seen: brotherhood, his, him, himself and men. While this may seem insignificant, the amount of male personal pronouns versus female personal pronouns proves otherwise. In this document there are twenty-eight male personal pronouns and only two female personal pronouns. Further, by using these male personal pronouns, it can be assumed that the article in question is meant to protect only men. Such can be seen in Article 13 (2), â€Å"everyone has the right

Behavioral Treatments in Autism Essay Example For Students

Behavioral Treatments in Autism Essay B.Noncontingent Access to Preferred Stimulus Through the years since Kanner first described infantile autism, much research has amassed on different methods of treating those diagnosed with autism and the various deficits and excesses they possess. As the 1960s began, the learning theory approach to treatment gained prominence and researchers used the principles of operant learning theory to develop new behavioral treatment techniques. Behavioral excesses and deficits were viewed as operant and controlled by environmental consequences and so modification of such consequences could change the behavior excesses and deficits. As the 1970s arrived there was an increase in the amount of research in behavioral treatment of autism with a more focused approach to target behaviors and an increase in sophisticated behavioral techniques (Matson, Benavidez, Compton, Paclawskyj Baglio, 1996). This has been an area of intense research and many children have benefited as a result of the developments. However, each method has its limitations and is not always significantly effective. It is said that autism is uncritical thinking dominated by fantasies that have little or no relation to reality; the gratification of wishes and desires in imagination (Goldenson, 1970). Behavioral approaches to treating autism must account for the different levels of awareness if they are to effectively change the sometimes devastating behaviors of autistic people. Autism is a spectrum disorder with a wide range of symptoms and degrees of impairment. A person with autism lives for the most part in an isolated world unaware of the impact their behavior has on the immediate environment. Even though some may be high functioning, the majority (around 70-75%) has some amount of associated learning disabilities and about 50% score below 50 on the IQ scale. When there are profound cognitive impairments, adequate speech development is not likely, and additionally the incidence of aberrant behavior increases (Howlin, 1996). Aberrant behaviors are behavioral excesses that interfere with interaction opportunities within an individuals environment (Matson, et al., 1996). Another high impacting area of deficiency is socialization skills. This area includes decreased responding to verbal initiations of others, inappropriate affect or facial expression during communicative interactions, eye contact and preservation on the same topic even when cues are given by the partner for a topic shift (Koegel, Frea, 1993). Social skill impairment has some relation to the language impairment. Expressive and receptive language difficulties occur in a high percentage of autistic individuals. Difficulties in expressing thoughts and ideas can lead to outbursts of anxiety, aggression, and self-injurious behavior in those with low ability and therefore it is often incorporated into treatment approaches for several areas (Howlin, 1998). Treatment techniques vary widely depending on the target behavior and desired outcome. In dealing with aberrant behavior, if the behavior is extreme and destructive, then a quick end to the behavior is desired. It has been found that aversive procedures in which punishment was administered contingent on emission of the target behavior rapidly decrease aberrant behaviors. This has been criticized as unethical. Critics have tested the effectiveness of nonaversive procedures and found them to be as effective in non-life-threatening behaviors (Matson, et al., 1996). One such effective method is that of noncontingent access to preferred stimuli. In one study researchers found that presenting an autistic individual with multiple predetermined sets of preferred stimuli or rotating the sets decreased the occurrence of self-injurious behavior (DeLeon, Anders, Rodriguez-Catter, Neidert, 2000). Another method in modifying aberrant behaviors is to increase the amount of social skills as alternative behaviors. In identifying pivotal behaviors, some researchers have been able to modify one target behavior and have it result in collateral changes in other behaviors. Koegel, Koegel, Hurley, Frea (1992) reported that teaching an autistic person to respond to verbal initiations from others on a regular basis collaterally decreased the level of disruptive behavior. For some individuals the technique of self-management has been shown to be highly effective. It requires teaching of appropriate and inappropriate behavior identification as well as recording methods. It has been used to increase social skills while decreasing disruptive behavior (Matson, et al., 1996). .u27ce0190b0f562049c5623d496eb2a10 , .u27ce0190b0f562049c5623d496eb2a10 .postImageUrl , .u27ce0190b0f562049c5623d496eb2a10 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u27ce0190b0f562049c5623d496eb2a10 , .u27ce0190b0f562049c5623d496eb2a10:hover , .u27ce0190b0f562049c5623d496eb2a10:visited , .u27ce0190b0f562049c5623d496eb2a10:active { border:0!important; } .u27ce0190b0f562049c5623d496eb2a10 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u27ce0190b0f562049c5623d496eb2a10 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u27ce0190b0f562049c5623d496eb2a10:active , .u27ce0190b0f562049c5623d496eb2a10:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u27ce0190b0f562049c5623d496eb2a10 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u27ce0190b0f562049c5623d496eb2a10 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u27ce0190b0f562049c5623d496eb2a10 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u27ce0190b0f562049c5623d496eb2a10 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u27ce0190b0f562049c5623d496eb2a10:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u27ce0190b0f562049c5623d496eb2a10 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u27ce0190b0f562049c5623d496eb2a10 .u27ce0190b0f562049c5623d496eb2a10-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u27ce0190b0f562049c5623d496eb2a10:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Canadas first female Prime Minister Essay In social skills it has been shown that some behaviors taught generalize well to other untreated behaviors (Koegel, 1993), however, it has proved more difficult to .